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Double-Layer Capacitors with Capacitances in the Farad Range

Introduction

The Double-Layer Capacitors developed by WIMA are storage capacitors with highest capacitance values in the Farad range. They are among others suited to serve as batteries, can deliver considerably higher currents for a short time, however, and are maintenance free.

WIMA SuperCaps have an environmental-friendly design witout Lead(Pb) or Cadmium(Cd). The prismatic housing allows minimum volume when series connected or in parallel.

Fields of Application

Automotive:

- Recuperation of brake energy
- Stability control
- Support of car supply systems
- Brake by wire
- Steer by wire
- Lifetime extension of batteries in hybrid cars
- Load levelling for fuel cell drives

Railway:

- Support of starter batteries of diesel-electric

- drives
- Energy regeneration and network support in

- local traffic

Wind power:

- Pitch control

UPS:

- Short term storage

Battery support:

- Combination with battery to extend lifetime

The construction of a Double-Layer Capacitor can be described as a plate capacitor where the most important topic is to obtain electrodes with an extremely large surface. For this purpose activated carbon is ideally suited, as it allows to obtain capacitance values of up to 100F/g of the active mass of the electrode.

The electrolyte, the conductive liquid between the electrodes, is a conducting salt dissolved in an aqueous or organic solvent which permits to apply voltages of 2 V (in special cases 3 V). Beyond this voltage chemical reactions start to create gas which leads to the destruction of the capacitor.

The actual double layer consists from ions which attach to the electrodes - negative ions to the positive electrode and positive ions to the negative electrode - as soon as a voltage is applied to the cell and thus create a dielectric of a few Angstroem only. According to the formula for the capacitor from the dielectric constant of the double layer (approx. 10) and the extremely thin dielectric you get an very high capacitance value.

Picture: Principle of a Double-Layer Capacitor

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